You would like to think that the concept of the 3D movie was relatively new,
but you would be wrong. Instead, to find the first 3D film that was ever created we need to go all the way back to 1922. Yes, that’s right 1922. The movie in question was called‘The Power of Love.’
Even though it was not up to the more modern-day
standards of 3D movies, it was certainly a pioneer within this particular field.
The way in which it worked was that there were two possible endings, and
you decided on the ending by closing one eye. The variation depended on the
eye that you closed so it was technically in 3D but, as you can imagine it was
different to how we view it today. Unfortunately, there are only reports of the
film as there is no footage left, but it would have been rather intriguing to
check it out.
***
‘When a resolute young fellow steps up to the great bully, the
world, and takes him boldly by the beard, he is often surprised to find it comes off in his hand, and that it was only tied on to scare away the timid adventurers.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson
essayist and philosopher
***
Mexico City sinks about 10 inches a year.
In 10 minutes, a hurricane releases more energy than all of the world's
nuclear weapons combined.
On average, 100 people choke to death on ballpoint pens every year.
Banging your head against a wall uses 150 calories an hour.
You must be an exceedingly clever scientist to win a Nobel Prize in
chemistry or physics. There is one person who won a Nobel Prize in
both of these sciences. What’s more, she was a woman and she lived
in an era when women were definitely not taken seriously in the world
of science.
Marie was born in Poland in 1867 to a family of famous teachers, and seemed set to have an easy life. But her mother and sister both died when she was a little girl, and her family lost all their money supporting Polish independence groups.As a teenager and young adult, Marie, who was extremely intelligent, had to take whatever kind of work she could get in order to put herself through school. She worked as a governess, teaching the children of a rich family, and fell in love with their son. The family would not let him marry this penniless woman, and Marie was out of a job again.She finally moved to Paris, where her sister was living, and where some of the best universities could be found. Marie lived in a bare attic, tutoring at night, going to university in the day, and barely making ends meet.
Her luck changed when she met another science student named Pierre Curie. They married and set up a laboratory together; they both loved science so much that they hardly ever left their lab. Now Marie Curie’s brilliance had a chance to shine. She began looking at radioactivity, which had just been discovered, and set up innovative experiments that proved how radiation came from atoms. It was an enormous breakthrough, and she was still just a student.In the years to come, she and her husband made more discoveries including the important fact that uranium is not the only radioactive mineral. In fact, Marie Curie discovered a previously unknown mineral that she named “polonium” in honor of her native Poland. Although women were not taken seriously in the world of science in the late 1800s, no one could ignore the important discoveries that Marie Curie was making. She and her husband shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903, making her the first woman to ever receive this prestigious award. Then, in 1911, she won her second Nobel Prize, this one for Chemistry.Marie Curie became the most famous woman scientist of all time, but all of those years working with radiation took their toll. She died of anemia brought on by radiation poisoning when she was sixty-six.
IT is related, O auspicious King, that there were once long ago, in a certain city of Persia, two brothers whose names were Kasim and Ali Baba. But praise be to Him Who takes no account of names, and beholds the soul of man in the mystery of its nakedness! Amen. And after! Their father was a poor man of the common people, and, when he died, the two brothers were left with so small a share of the world’s goods that they soon found themselves with long faces and no bread and cheese. See what it is to be a fool in youth and to forget the counsels of the wise! Soon Kasim, who was the elder and more astute of the brothers, put himself into the hands of an old bawd (Allah curse the same!) who tested his powers of mounting and coupling, and then married him to a girl with money and appetite. Thus he was saved from starvation and became the owner of a well-furnished shop in the market, for such was the Destiny written upon his brow at birth. So much for him. Ali Baba,
the younger brother, being devoid of ambition and having modest tastes, became a woodcutter; but though his takings were small he lived so wisely that, in the end, he was able to buy, first one ass, then two,
and finally three. He would lead these beasts to the forest and load them with the faggots which he cut there. After he had bought the third, he became a person of importance among the woodcutters and one of them offered him the hand of a daughter in marriage. The three asses were written down in the marriage contract as dowry, though the girl, being poor, brought no portion at all. But poverty and riches endure for a breath. Allah only is eternal!
To Ali Baba and his wife were born children as fair as moons, and the family lived together in the honest enjoyment of the small money which the sale of firewood brought them.One day, while Ali Baba was cutting wood in a thicket of the forest,with his asses comfortably grazing and farting at no great distance, Destiny came to him. He heard a muffled noise as of galloping hoofs and, being of a peaceful and timid disposition, climbed up into a high tree, which stood on the top of a small hill and gave a view of the whole forest. He had done well to hide himself, for soon a troop of armed riders came towards the tree, and he could judge by their dark faces, eyes as of new copper, and beards parted terribly in the centre like the wings of a carrion crow, that he was in the presence of the worst kind of outlaw robbers. When they had come nearly to the tree, they dismounted at a signal from their gigantic chief and, after fastening their horses, slung forage sacks of barley for them to eat. Then they took off the saddle-bags and, bearing them up, came into file so slowly that Ali Baba was able to count them at his ease and determine that there
were forty robbers, neither more or less. At this point Shahrazad saw the approach of morning and discreetly
fell silent.
But when the eight-hundred-and-fifty-second night
had come
SHE SAID:
The forty thieves carried their loads to the foot of a large rock which lay at the bottom of the little hill. Then they set down the bags, and the chief cried out in the direction of the rock: ‘Open, Sesame!’ At once the surface of the rock gaped. The captain waited until his followers had passed with their burdens through the opening, and then carried his bag in after them. ‘Shut, Sesame!’ he cried from within, and the face of the rock closed upon him. Ali Baba was astonished at these things, and said: ‘Allah grant that their sorcery cannot find me in this tree!’ He sat, without making a movement, and fixed anxious eyes upon his asses,who were feeding noisily in the thicket. After a long time, a sound like distant thunder made itself heard and the rock opened to give forth the forty thieves, carrying the bags empty in their hands. When the band of thirty-nine had mounted, their chief cried again: ‘Shut, Sesame!’ and,
while the surfaces of the rock came close, rode off at the head of his pitch-faced and hog-bearded followers.
Fearing that they might come back and surprise him, Ali Baba stayed in his tree until they had long been out of sight, and, when he ventured at last to climb down, he did so with a thousand precautions, ever
turning his head to right and left as he let himself from a higher to a lower branch. As soon as he came to the ground, he walked on tiptoe, holding his breath, towards the mysterious rock. At any other time he would have
had no thought save for his asses, which were the wage-earners for all his family, but now a curiosity wholly foreign to his nature burnt in his mind, and his Destiny pushed him forward. He found the surface of the
rock entirely smooth and without the smallest crack against which he might have pressed the point of a needle. ‘Yet I saw the forty thieves go in,’ he thought. ‘Surely the place must be guarded by strange spells! Though I know nothing of spells, yet I certainly remember the words of opening and closing. Had I not better try them over, to see if they have the same power in my mouth as upon the lips of that terrifying man?’ Still pricked on by Destiny and quite forgetting his usual fear, Ali Baba turned to the rock, saying: ‘Open, Sesame!’Though these two magic words were uttered weakly and without assurance, the rock gaped.
Ali Baba would have turned to flee, but Fate kept him in that place and forced his eyes to look within. Instead of seeing some cave of dark horror, he beheld a spacious gallery whose level floor led to a large hall, hollowed in the heart of the rock and welllighted by slits contrived in the roof. Ali Baba plucked up his courage and, murmuring: ‘In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate!’ walked along the gallery to the hall. As he went, the two halves of the rock came together soundlessly, but this did not dismay him, for he well remembered the formula of opening. Arrived at the entrance of the hall, he beheld, all along the walls and piled from floor to ceiling, a profusion of rich merchandise, with bales of silk and brocade, bags of varied food, great chests filled to the brim with minted silver and silver bars, with golden dinars and bars of gold.
And, as if these were not enough, the floor of the cave was heaped with loose gold and precious stones, so that the foot could hardly find a resting place, but tripped over some rich sample of the jeweller’s art or sent a cascade of gleaming gold before it. Though Ali Baba had never in his life seen the true colour of a dinar or smelt the smell of it, he was able to judge that the cave, with its vast treasures heaped at haphazard and its innumerable costly ornaments, the least of which would have honoured a king’s palace, had been, not only for years but for hundred.
Once I attended a new business proposal presentation by Bob Koether, in which he had his prospective customers all play a little nine-dot game that illustrated to them that the solutions to puzzles are often simple to see if we think in unconventional ways. As people laughed and tore up their puzzles in frustration when Koether showed them the solution, he stood up to make his final point.
"We restrict our thinking for no good reason," said Koether. "We do things simply because that's the way we always did them. I want you to know that our commitment in serving your company is to always look
outside the box for the most innovative solutions possible to our problems.
We'll never do something just because that's the way we have always done it" To many business leaders pitching a lucrative account, this kind of puzzle-solving exercise would simply be considered a clever
presentation. But to Bob Koether, it was a symbolic expression of his whole life in business. Once, on a Xerox-sponsored trip in Cancun, Mexico, Bob and Mike spent the day out in treacherous waters on a fishing boat. After coming ashore, they retired to Carlos O'Brien's restaurant for tequila and beer
and a period of reflection on their lives in sales thus far. "We knew that as well as we had done, we would never own boats like the one we were just in if we remained at Xerox," said Bob. "We talked about possibilities in the bar, and it wasn't long before we noticed some black T-shirts on the wall with the word infinity on them. Then, for more than two hours, Mike and I discussed just what the word infinity
meant. Out of that discussion, a dream was born, a dream that took shape in the form of Infinity Communications."
Bob Koether and his brother believed that there was one vital area in which Xerox was underperforming and that was customer service. What if, they asked, a company's commitment to the customer was infinite? Not boxed-in, but unlimited in its possibilities for creative service? With that concept as motivation, the two brothers formed "Infincom" (short for Infinity Communications)in the state of Arizona, and within 10 years they grew from six employees and no customers into a $50 million business with more than 500 employees. And for the past three years straight, the Arizona Business Gazette has ranked Infincom the number-one office equipmentcompany in Arizona ahead of Xerox. All of us tend to look at our challenges from inside a box. We take what we've done in the past and put it in front of our eyes and then try to envision what we call "the future." But that restricts our future. With that restricted view, the best the future can be is a "new and better past." Great motivational energy occurs when we get out of the box and assume that the possibilities for creative ideas are infinite. To realize the
best possible future for yourself, don't look at it through a box containing your own past.
Bobby Dunbar was four years old when he disappeared in Louisiana. It was
August of 1912, and his family, from a small town in central Louisiana, had
taken a trip to Swayze Lake. Bobby went missing sometime during the
fishing trip, and the search for the missing boy began immediately.
Eight months after his disappearance, police found Bobby Dunbar—or a
child they believed was Bobby Dunbar with a man named William
Cantwell Walters. Walters maintained that the boy was not Bobby Dunbar
but a boy by the name Bruce Anderson, the child of a friend whom he had
temporary custody of. Both sets of parents were asked to identify the child.
The Dunbars said that the boy was their son, while Bruce’s mother admitted
she hadn’t seen him in 13 months. There are different stories told about the
boy’s reaction, with some saying he cried upon seeing the Dunbars, and
others saying he ran up and yelled, “Mother!” upon seeing Leslie Dunbar.
Custody was granted to the Dunbars, with a judge ruling that this boy was, in
fact, Bobby Dunbar.
Bruce Anderson’s mother had three children out of wedlock, which did not
bode well for her in the courtroom. While the law had decided that the boy
was Bobby Dunbar, in her mind, her son was being kidnapped by the
Dunbars. She consistently maintained that the boy was her son, Bruce. After
two years in jail for kidnapping, William Cantwell Walters was released, and
the boy was raised as Bobby Dunbar. He got married, had children, and
raised his family as a Dunbar.
Amezing facts
In ancient Greek mythology, the chimera was a terrible fire-breathing monster
that was part lion, part goat, and part snake.
Geologists discovered that much of sand in the Grand Canyon actually originated in the Appalachian Mountains.
The morning after the Dum-Dum the tribe started slowly back through the forest toward the coast.The body of Tublat lay where it had fallen, for the people of Kerchak do not eat their own dead.
The march was but a leisurely search for food. Cabbage palm and gray plum, pisang and scitamine they found in abundance, with wild pineapple, and occasionally small mammals, birds, eggs, reptiles, and insects. The nuts they cracked between their powerful jaws, or, if too hard, broke by pounding between stones.
Once old Sabor, crossing their path, sent them scurrying to the safety of the higher branches, for if she respected their number and their sharp fangs, they on their part held her cruel and mighty ferocity in equal esteem.
Upon a low-hanging branch sat Tarzan directly above the majestic, supple body as it forged silently through the thick jungle. He hurled a pineapple at the ancient enemy of his people. The great beast stopped and, turning, eyed the taunting figure above her.
With an angry lash of her tail she bared her yellow fangs, curling her great lips in a hideous snarl that wrinkled her bristling snout in serried ridges and closed her wicked eyes to two narrow slits of rage and hatred.
With back-laid ears she looked straight into the eyes of Tarzan of the Apes and sounded her fierce, shrill challenge. And from the safety of his overhanging limb the ape-child sent back the fearsome answer of his kind.
For a moment the two eyed each other in silence, and then the great cat turned into the jungle, which swallowed her as the ocean engulfs a tossed pebble.
But into the mind of Tarzan a great plan sprang. He had killed the fierce Tublat, so was he not therefore a mighty fighter? Now would he track down the crafty Sabor and slay her likewise. He would be a mighty hunter, also.
At the bottom of his little English heart beat the great desire to cover his nakedness with clothes for he had learned from his picture books that all men were so covered, while monkeys and apes and every other living thing went naked.
Clothes therefore, must be truly a badge of greatness; the insignia of the superiority of man over all other animals, for surely there could be no other reason for wearing the hideous things.
Many moons ago, when he had been much smaller, he had desired the skin of Sabor, the lioness, or Numa, the lion, or Sheeta, the leopard to cover his hairless body that he might no longer resemble hideous Histah, the snake; but now he was proud of his sleek skin for it betokened his descent from a mighty race, and the conflicting desires to go naked in prideful proof of his ancestry, or to conform to the customs of his own kind and wear hideous and uncomfortable apparel found first one and then the other in the ascendency.
As the tribe continued their slow way through the forest after the passing of Sabor, Tarzan’s head was filled with his great scheme for slaying his enemy, and for many days thereafter he thought of little else.
On this day, however, he presently had other and more immediate interests to attract his attention.
Suddenly it became as midnight; the noises of the jungle ceased; the trees stood motionless as though in paralyzed expectancy of some great and imminent disaster. All nature waited—but not for long.
Faintly, from a distance, came a low, sad moaning. Nearer and nearer it approached, mounting louder and louder in volume.
The great trees bent in unison as though pressed earthward by a mighty hand. Farther and farther toward the ground they inclined, and still there was no sound save the deep and awesome moaning of the wind.
Then, suddenly, the jungle giants whipped back, lashing their mighty tops in angry and deafening protest. A vivid and blinding light flashed from the whirling, inky clouds above. The deep cannonade of roaring thunder belched forth its fearsome challenge. The deluge came—all hell broke loose upon the jungle.
The tribe shivering from the cold rain, huddled at the bases of great trees. The lightning, darting and flashing through the blackness, showed wildly waving branches, whipping streamers and bending trunks.
Now and again some ancient patriarch of the woods, rent by a flashing bolt, would crash in a thousand pieces among the surrounding trees, carrying down numberless branches and many smaller neighbors to add to the tangled confusion of the tropical jungle.
Branches, great and small, torn away by the ferocity of the tornado, hurtled through the wildly waving verdure, carrying death and destruction to countless unhappy denizens of the thickly peopled world below.
For hours the fury of the storm continued without surcease, and still the tribe huddled close in shivering fear. In constant danger from falling trunks and branches and paralyzed by the vivid flashing of lightning and the bellowing of thunder they crouched in pitiful misery until the storm passed.
The end was as sudden as the beginning. The wind ceased, the sun shone forth—nature smiled once more.
The dripping leaves and branches, and the moist petals of gorgeous flowers glistened in the splendor of the returning day. And, so—as Nature forgot, her children forgot also. Busy life went on as it had been before the darkness and the fright.
But to Tarzan a dawning light had come to explain the mystery of clothes. How snug he would have been beneath the heavy coat of Sabor! And so was added a further incentive to the adventure.
For several months the tribe hovered near the beach where stood Tarzan’s cabin, and his studies took up the greater portion of his time, but always when journeying through the forest he kept his rope in readiness, and many were the smaller animals that fell into the snare of the quick thrown noose.
Once it fell about the short neck of Horta, the boar, and his mad lunge for freedom toppled Tarzan from the overhanging limb where he had lain in wait and from whence he had launched his sinuous coil.
The mighty tusker turned at the sound of his falling body, and, seeing only the easy prey of a young ape, he lowered his head and charged madly at the surprised youth.
Tarzan, happily, was uninjured by the fall, alighting catlike upon all fours far outspread to take up the shock. He was on his feet in an instant and, leaping with the agility of the monkey he was, he gained the safety of a low limb as Horta, the boar, rushed futilely beneath.
Thus it was that Tarzan learned by experience the limitations as well as the possibilities of his strange weapon.
He lost a long rope on this occasion, but he knew that had it been Sabor who had thus dragged him from his perch the outcome might have been very different, for he would have lost his life, doubtless, into the bargain.
It took him many days to braid a new rope, but when, finally, it was done he went forth purposely to hunt, and lie in wait among the dense foliage of a great branch right above the well-beaten trail that led to water.
Several small animals passed unharmed beneath him. He did not want such insignificant game. It would take a strong animal to test the efficacy of his new scheme.
At last came she whom Tarzan sought, with lithe sinews rolling beneath shimmering hide; fat and glossy came Sabor, the lioness.
Her great padded feet fell soft and noiseless on the narrow trail. Her head was high in ever alert attention; her long tail moved slowly in sinuous and graceful undulations.
Nearer and nearer she came to where Tarzan of the Apes crouched upon his limb, the coils of his long rope poised ready in his hand.
Like a thing of bronze, motionless as death, sat Tarzan. Sabor passed beneath. One stride beyond she took—a second, a third, and then the silent coil shot out above her.
For an instant the spreading noose hung above her head like a great snake, and then, as she looked upward to detect the origin of the swishing sound of the rope, it settled about her neck. With a quick jerk Tarzan snapped the noose tight about the glossy throat, and then he dropped the rope and clung to his support with both hands.
Sabor was trapped.
With a bound the startled beast turned into the jungle, but Tarzan was not to lose another rope through the same cause as the first. He had learned from experience. The lioness had taken but half her second bound when she felt the rope tighten about her neck; her body turned completely over in the air and she fell with a heavy crash upon her back. Tarzan had fastened the end of the rope securely to the trunk of the great tree on which he sat.
Thus far his plan had worked to perfection, but when he grasped the rope, bracing himself behind a crotch of two mighty branches, he found that dragging the mighty, struggling, clawing, biting, screaming mass of iron-muscled fury up to the tree and hanging her was a very different proposition.
The weight of old Sabor was immense, and when she braced her huge paws nothing less than Tantor, the elephant, himself, could have budged her.
The lioness was now back in the path where she could see the author of the indignity which had been placed upon her. Screaming with rage she suddenly charged, leaping high into the air toward Tarzan, but when her huge body struck the limb on which Tarzan had been, Tarzan was no longer there.
Instead he perched lightly upon a smaller branch twenty feet above the raging captive. For a moment Sabor hung half across the branch, while Tarzan mocked, and hurled twigs and branches at her unprotected face.
Presently the beast dropped to the earth again and Tarzan came quickly to seize the rope, but Sabor had now found that it was only a slender cord that held her, and grasping it in her huge jaws severed it before Tarzan could tighten the strangling noose a second time.
Tarzan was much hurt. His well-laid plan had come to naught, so he sat there screaming at the roaring creature beneath him and making mocking grimaces at it.
Sabor paced back and forth beneath the tree for hours; four times she crouched and sprang at the dancing sprite above her, but might as well have clutched at the illusive wind that murmured through the tree tops.
At last Tarzan tired of the sport, and with a parting roar of challenge and a well-aimed ripe fruit that spread soft and sticky over the snarling face of his enemy, he swung rapidly through the trees, a hundred feet above the ground, and in a short time was among the members of his tribe.
Here he recounted the details of his adventure, with swelling chest and so considerable swagger that he quite impressed even his bitterest enemies, while Kala fairly danced for joy and pride.
A man in the grocery store notices a woman with a three-year-old girl in her cart. As they pass the cookie section, the little girl screams for cookies. The mother says, “Now Missy, we only have a few more aisles to go—don’t throw a fit. It won’t be long.” In the candy aisle, the little girl whines for candy. The mother says, “There, there, Missy, don’t cry. Two more aisles, and we’ll be checking out.” When they get to the checkout stand, the little girl howls for gum. The mother says, reassuringly, “Missy, we’ll be done in five minutes, and then you can go home and have a bottle and a nice snooze.” In the parking lot, the man stops the woman to compliment her. “I couldn’t help noticing how patient you were with little Missy,” he says. The mother sighs, “Oh, no—my little girl’s name is Francine. I’m Missy.”
In bullfighting a Veronica is a motion in which the matador slowly twirls his
cape away from a charging bull.
The plastic tag closures on loaves of bread are color coded to different days of
the week to help ensure proper stock rotation.
The average human eats 8 spiders in their lifetime at night.
The Beetham Tower cost over £150 million to build.
During the chariot scene in "Ben Hur," a small red car can be seen in the distance.
Many city-states, countries, and empires have been built by leveraging their unique history, geography, and assets to control their environment. Thus, they were able to survive, achieve stability, expand, dominate their neighbors, and ultimately prosper for hundreds of years. The Roman Empire grew from a small area surrounding Rome to
extend from Britain to the Black Sea to Egypt to Gibralter. It lasted over five hundred years. The Mongol Empire began with a single nomadic tribe in central Asia but grew to rule lands from China to India to Europe. And, of course, the sun never set on the British Empire for several centuries.
Businesses, like countries, have a unique history and a set of assets. But how does one judge whether a business has been successful? The Western view is that a business exists primarily to provide a return on investment for stockholders. In contrast, the Asian view is that a business exists primarily to provide jobs for its employees. Although both views differ, there is one constant between them: to meet either goal, a business must survive and prosper. Therefore, successful businesses, like successful countries, are those that may have started small but ended
up surviving and prospering over a long period .If the goal of a business is to survive and prosper, then what is the
goal of its strategy? Sun Tzu offers this advice:
• Your aim must be to take All-under-Heaven intact. Thus your
troops are not worn out and your gains will be complete. This
is the art of offensive strategy. (III.11)
The goal of business strategy must be "to take AU-Under-Heaven intact"—to capture your marketplace. You must define the markets you are going after and commit to achieving relative market dominance in those markets. By doing so, your company will ensure its survival and prosperity.There are many examples of companies that have done this. They began as seedlings, but used creative strategy to bring value to the marketplace, grow quickly, and continue doing business successfully for a number of years. They had to be able to gain a position in their industry
or niche that enabled them to protect themselves and shape the forces
in their industry in their favor. They achieved relative market dominance.Market dominance can appear in many forms; technology leadership, brand recognition, or cost leadership are some signs of it. Market dominance can also be thought of in terms of market share. Companies with dominant market share in an industry segment or an entire industry are more able to influence the industry, direct its evolution, and establish an excellent competitive position. Their powerful position allows them to set the industry's standards and define the playing field. Firms that have achieved dominant market share most likely also enjoy the advantages of higher customer loyalty, larger volumes, better economies of scale, and strong distribution capabilities. In addition, substantial data and research have shown that market share and profitability go hand-in-hand in a number of industry environments. Those same advantages tend to increase revenues and lower unit costs, thus increasing profitability. If a company can achieve relative market dominance properly, prosperity will eventually come. In the 1970s and 1980s,Japanese companies, with their long-term
view of strategy, emphasis on competition and survival, and belief that business is war, supported this thinking. Japanese companies were very successful at capturing market share and achieving a dominant position
in many industries. Whether the industry involved automobiles, consumer electronics, or office equipment, the inroads they made in U.S.,European, and Asian markets were significant. This provided these Japanese companies with the ability to influence their respective industries and ensure their survival, even when American and European firms began to successfully respond to their attacks. In the United States, GE's John Welch charged his business units to be number one or number two in their industry or face being sold off. Microsoft's dominance of the software market for personal computer operating systems has enabled it to call the tune that other computer system companies, application software companies, and PC hardware firms have danced to for the last decade. Microsoft's CEO and chief strategist, William H. Gates III, has been able to influence the industry so effectively that it is difficult for any firm to make a move without considering how Microsoft will react. Both Microsoft and GE have experienced prosperity utilizing this strategy; GE, a $60- billion-dollar company, became America's most profitable company in 1994 with earnings of $6 billion. Microsoft has also done well; between 1990 and 1994, its sales grew 47% and its profits increased 53% per year.2 One may argue that relative market dominance is not necessary for
survival and prosperity, pointing to small "corporate Switzerlands" as examples. The country of Switzerland has survived hundreds of years and prospered; it has done this not by seeking expansion and domination but by creating a strong defensive position. Switzerland combines a well-trained citizen army with its forbidding terrain, thus
making the costs of attacking it outweigh the benefits of conquering it.The Swiss also use their neutrality to serve the warring nations of the globe, playing a key role as a site for negotiations and a go-between for antagonists. Switzerland utilizes the assets it has been given and a unique strategy to find a defensible position in the world.
Likewise, companies do exist with low market share that have found defensible positions in their industry along with sustained profitability. They too have done so by understanding their strengths and weaknesses and using strategy to create a place in which they can survive and prosper.3 However, these businesses, like Switzerland, exist at the whim of the dominant players. Like major world powers, at any time market leaders may decide that these little "Switzerlands" have served their purpose in the industry and choose to eliminate them. Although a small
company might cause a lot of problems for a dominant player before going away, in the end it would be eliminated. Thus, the only true way to control your firm's destiny is to drive for relative market dominance. This must be your purpose.
• The Grand Duke said: "One who is confused in purpose cannot
respond to his enemy." (III.23 Meng)