Develop the lamb's mind
There was an individual who was selling red, yellow, blue and green balloons with other colors at a reasonable price for children. When the business is cold, the man fills a balloon with helium gas and releases it into the sky. When the children see this, they come to him and buy him, eager to have something similar. Then the market will come back hot, hot.
One day, the balloon seller felt his clothes being pulled from behind, and when he turned around, a baby boy standing behind him asked, "Can a black balloon float in the air like the others?" It's something," he explained. The owner's answer has a prominent role in our lives. It is not our outward appearance that makes us go uphill or down, but our inner attitude. William James of Harvard University once said, "The greatest discovery of this generation is that human beings can change their lives simply by changing the way they think." The big role that we play in our success
According to a study conducted by Harvard University, 85% of the main reason people hold back on a new job or promotion is their attitude.
The remaining 15 percent depends on their skills and reputation. What is surprising is that our entire educational expenditure and our total energy is wasted on only this fifteen percent of professional and intellectual skills.
However, our victory and success are completely determined by this eighty-five percent attitude. Attitude is a key word. The role it plays in everyone's professional and personal life is significant. A good attitude of an official
What would be a good manager if he didn't have one? How can a student be a successful student without optimism? How can teachers, parents, sales staff, employers and employees do their jobs properly and be successful without a good attitude?
No matter what field of work you are engaged in; The only basis of your success is your success
So, since your attitude is so important to your successful life, wouldn't you be eager to examine your attitude from the present moment and examine how it can help you reach your goals?
He is a thug living in Africa who is happy with what he has. He who is happy is satisfied with what he has. His contentment with what he had was derived from this happiness. One day a wise man came to him and told him how much power collecting diamonds could give him. “If you have a diamond the size of your thumb, you can buy the city you live in. And if you have a diamond the size of your hand, you can buy the whole country!” He explained to him.
Hafez did not sleep well that night after the wise man left him. For the first time, a feeling of unhappiness swept over him. He was unhappy because he was not satisfied with what he had. He couldn't be satisfied with what he had if he wasn't happy.
The next day, Hafez made arrangements to sell his farm and after packing his family's belongings, he prepared to travel in search of the diamonds. Although the expedition covered the whole of Africa, he could not find a single particle of diamond.
The result of his extensive exploration across Europe was the same. When he arrived in Spain, his body was shaken, his mind was confused, and his spirit was broken. Apart from this, he was severely short of funds. Therefore, what seemed like a solution to get rid of his anxiety was to commit suicide by throwing himself into the Barcelona river. And he did it in practice, and when they heard him, he fell asleep.
The man who bought Hafez's farm one day while he was watering the camels from the river that runs through his farm, he found a shiny stone and took it to my house and grabbed it, thinking that it could be a decoration that he kept from the reception.
That afternoon, my wise man came to him. And he saw the stone shining. "Has Hafez returned?" he asked. "No, he has not returned, but why did you ask me?"
“Because this stone you see is a diamond. I talked to Hafez about this.'' "So this is it, I brought this stone from the river and put it here," explained the farmer. "Come, let me show you, there are others," invited the wise man. On the same day, after picking up many similar stones, they sent some of them to an expert. As a result, they all turned out to be diamonds. It was also discovered that the area of Farm is rich in diamond wealth.
What is the point of this story?
Six main points can be made:
1. Our attitude is positive and correct
if so; Each of us We understand that we are walking in a land rich in diamond wealth. Opportunity is always at our feet. We don't have to go anywhere to find her. All we have to do is wake up to realize this opportunity.
2. Grass is green no matter which way we look at it.
3. While we are looking at the grass on one side, let us notice that there are others who see on the other side and perhaps these people may have a strong desire to take our place and pour wealth from our door.
4. Unlucky to realize a good opportunity People scream when good luck knocks on their door, and they get upset because the past triggers their negative emotions.
5. May good opportunities and opportunities slip away from us But the chances of us realizing that they are knocking on our door are very small.
6. Luck knocks on our door only once. The next time may be better or worse. This is where we have to make the right decision at the right time. The right decision at the wrong time becomes the wrong decision.
I am in a taxi traveling from Arat Kilo to Mexico City. I am sitting in the second seat on the left side of the passenger seat. As we arrived at the intersection in front of the train station, where traffic jams are often observed, a young woman who was next to me asked if we had arrived at the train station. I asked her if she had arrived at the station without her knowing it, and I pointed out the window on the left side of the taxi, saying, "We have arrived." Without lifting my index finger from the window, I said, "Is there a taxi driver?" in a voice that seemed to be asking not the driver in the taxi we were in, but the taxi driver in the taxi that was turning right and heading towards Churchill Street. We were all shocked by the speed and force of her voice. Especially me... How can I tell you! I thought it was because she spoke to me in a soft and gentle voice at first and I didn't expect such a voice at that place. The assistant, who was resting his left hand full of silver and coins on the front seat backrest and his right hand on the partially open taxi door window, looked like a peppercorn in shock or anger. He turned around and remained silent. The driver, who had just arrived, said, "You can't get off here." The girl stopped talking to the driver and shouted at the assistant, "Open the door for me." The assistant said, "You're kidding me, I won't open it." Whether she heard it or not, he said, "You can get off at Commerce Station." Before he could finish, he said, "Did I tell you I'm going to Commerce Station, not the train station? Turn around!" She struggled to open the door. The driver pulled the taxi over to the right and slowed down, “Why did you hit me again today? You can’t get off at Commerce, can you?” she said in an angry tone. “You have to get off at Commerce, I go to the train station, so I get off at the train station. Why don’t you understand?” She got even angrier. None of the passengers, including me, dared to speak to her. We all looked like we were watching a movie. We watched her when she spoke, the driver when he spoke, and the assistant when he spoke. “If you drop my sister off here, I will sue you! You will sue me,” said the driver, who had not been able to handle the girl. “Who is going to sue you for what I got off at? Don’t I have the right to get off where I want?” She continued to ask questions to the driver, who was confused by her situation. As she said this, although she seemed to be educated by her speech and situation, it was clear that this was not her first time coming to Addis Ababa, and that the sign she had been told to get off at the train station and not pass by!I intervened, assuming that the driver and assistant thought that the place called Commerce Commerce was too far from the train station and that she had little knowledge of road transport laws. The driver and his assistant said nothing to hurt her, that despite the difficulty in expressing themselves, their idea was correct, that the place called Commerce was also close (I showed her through the windshield of the taxi), that the place where she wanted to get off was prohibited by law for taxi passengers to get on or off, and that if necessary, I would get off with her and take her back to the train station. I promised to release the assistant's hand that was holding her shirt and put it down forcibly. Sometimes when I think about it, I feel that there are skills that should not be included in our curriculum but that play a big role in carrying out our daily activities wisely and carefully. For example, basic knowledge about the basic concepts of modes of transportation (air, land, and sea) and their use, as well as national and international laws and regulations, can be provided. We often hear about traffic accidents and the resulting physical disabilities, loss of life and property damage through various information or news outlets. We used to hear such information yesterday and we are still hearing it today. What should we hear tomorrow? Currently, more than 2,000 people lose their lives in traffic accidents in our country every year. More than 8,000 of them suffer serious and minor physical injuries. Property worth more than half a billion birr is destroyed. The reasons often cited as the cause of car accidents are: driver incompetence, poor road conditions, vehicle breakdowns and pedestrian negligence. The key to these reasons is the lack of knowledge. Basic driving knowledge supported by practical experience is needed for the driver, appropriate and quality road construction knowledge and skills for road builders and contractors, knowledge about the main components of the vehicle and their advantages and disadvantages for vehicle owners, and basic road use knowledge for pedestrians. This kind of knowledge is not available overnight. How can a press release issued by the authorities after an accident be used to raise public awareness? Books that provide basic understanding of road use for both drivers and passengers are published by individuals, driver training institutions, and the Road Transport Authority from time to time. The answer is who the user is, who wants to get a driver's license. But pedestrians should also know and be guided by it. Let's take an example of a guideline found in all books based on our country's road system. It states that pedestrians should walk on the left lane on roads open to vehicles. So how effective can this guideline be if only the drivers know it if the pedestrians do not read the book and apply it? The driver knows the law and the system, but the passenger travels by chance or by instinct. Then, as we saw in our introduction, we argue that we are happy or that we should drop off the taxi at the place we want. At other times, we waste time waiting for a taxi by standing in a place where there is no taxi stand and leaning on the tape that prevents taxis from stopping. After all, some taxi drivers do not drive by experience, but by understanding the instructions and road signs in the books. Because they read the book only for the test. If it were not for this, we would not have seen many of our people losing their lives, losing their lives, and destroying their property due to minor mistakes. Some drivers, on the other hand, have combined knowledge with ethics and are proud of their profession. Why did this difference occur? Why is it that the only thing that unites all drivers is the clutch pedal when changing gears? Where did the driver who is forced to wear a seat belt to protect the driver and passenger from accidents and who is punished for this reason come from? Who sent us a driver who does not respect traffic laws unless he sees a traffic policeman? Where did the driver who tries to narrow the difference in the number of passengers between taxis and Anbesa buses by putting a sign in his taxi that says “If there is love, a taxi will also be a bus” come from? At least, those who consider the pedestrian crossing as a tattoo instead of giving priority to pedestrians at the pedestrian crossing, saying that they know the road usage rules better than pedestrians, who drive on roads where there are schools and are crowded, and who lose patience with the endless minutes, who have great goals for themselves, their families, and their country, leave our people behind.Who let the drivers who left us alone? There are also pedestrians who are as likely to get hurt as drivers and cause harm to others and property damage. After all, we all know how to start a fire, we have all been burned at least once. We are told that fire burns, and we believe it, and we protect ourselves from fire. We do not necessarily have to be warned once in advance to protect ourselves from traffic accidents. We do not need a driver's license to know that a car can hit a person, injure a person, and then kill him when he passes by. Just being a human being is more than enough to know this and to consider it. Because we see how even some animals run away when a car comes towards them on the road. How can a person, created in the Trinity, not consider better than an animal, and that is for his own life. But sometimes we are seen as inferior to an animal. There are some roads that are designed to be used in one direction only, but they are used by vehicles coming in both directions. On these roads, they slow down and pass carefully, especially when cars are coming from both directions. No one is expected to tell a pedestrian what precautions he should take on such roads. If he is supposed to walk on the asphalt with the cars, as if he has an oath to not leave the asphalt, if he is injured while struggling to stay on the asphalt, should he say that the car hit him or hit him or even hit him? Have you ever met someone who does not believe or seems to doubt that a car can hit and kill a person? Some of them do not. What should be said about those who are carrying things, carrying children, talking on mobile phones, hugging, holding hands, playing in threes or fours, and who do not step out of the way or do not put out their license plates? Are they following the anti-6 anti-car? There are those who consider crossing the zebra crossing as a guarantee and try to cross the road without caution. I remember reading an article in a taxi that said, “Only a fool who does not learn from his mistakes is a fool.” I do not agree with this article. Because how can a person who has been in a serious accident learn from his mistake by crossing the road without looking left and right, without using the pedestrian crossing, and without taking the necessary precautions? Can he say that he regrets his mistake and undo the damage? In my opinion, most drivers and pedestrians do not lack basic understanding of road transport. What alternative is there to eliminate this lack of awareness in schools, like other forms of education? What if we had a form of education that could provide sufficient information about the types of transportation, the nature of cars, their types, their operation, their use, their management, their marketing, the types of engines with their specifications, the type of tires, the engineering concepts behind each type of transportation, road use guidelines, etc., in a way that focused on the students' ability to think, starting from the first grade? If such education were given from the bottom up, it would also play a major role in attracting students to various engineering professions and instilling a good attitude. It is clear how effective this basic knowledge will be for students who enter various technical and vocational training institutions after completing the 10th grade and how it will help them to do various creative works. Sisters and brothers, do you think we should not include this subject in our curriculum? Please listen to us.He should never be told by another person that he should be careful. If he is supposed to walk on the asphalt, as if he is under oath, and if he is injured while struggling to keep on the asphalt, should he say that the car hit him or that he hit him or that he was hit? Have you ever met someone who does not believe or seems to doubt that a car can hit and kill a person? Some of them do not. Those who are carrying things, holding children, talking on mobile phones, hugging, holding hands, and playing a hot game in three or four groups on a narrow road, what should be said? Are they following the anti-6 anti-car? There are those who consider crossing the zebra crossing as a guarantee and try to cross the road without caution. I remember reading an article in a taxi that said, “Only a fool who does not learn from his mistakes is a fool.” I do not agree with this article. Because how can a person who has been in a serious accident learn from his mistake by crossing the road without looking left and right, without using the pedestrian crossing, and without taking the necessary precautions? Can he say that he regrets his mistake and undo the damage? In my opinion, most drivers and pedestrians do not lack basic understanding of road transport. What alternative is there to eliminate this lack of awareness in schools, like other forms of education? What if we had a form of education that could provide sufficient information about the types of transportation, the nature of cars, their types, their operation, their use, their management, their marketing, the types of engines with their specifications, the type of tires, the engineering concepts behind each type of transportation, road use guidelines, etc., in a way that focused on the students' ability to think, starting from the first grade? If such education were given from the bottom up, it would also play a major role in attracting students to various engineering professions and instilling a good attitude. It is clear how effective this basic knowledge will be for students who enter various technical and vocational training institutions after completing the 10th grade and how it will help them to do various creative works. Sisters and brothers, do you think we should not include this subject in our curriculum? Please listen to us.He should never be told by another person that he should be careful. If he is supposed to walk on the asphalt, as if he is under oath, and if he is injured while struggling to keep on the asphalt, should he say that the car hit him or that he hit him or that he was hit? Have you ever met someone who does not believe or seems to doubt that a car can hit and kill a person? Some of them do not. Those who are carrying things, holding children, talking on mobile phones, hugging, holding hands, and playing a hot game in three or four groups on a narrow road, what should be said? Are they following the anti-6 anti-car? There are those who consider crossing the zebra crossing as a guarantee and try to cross the road without caution. I remember reading an article in a taxi that said, “Only a fool who does not learn from his mistakes is a fool.” I do not agree with this article. Because how can a person who has been in a serious accident learn from his mistake by crossing the road without looking left and right, without using the pedestrian crossing, and without taking the necessary precautions? Can he say that he regrets his mistake and undo the damage? In my opinion, most drivers and pedestrians do not lack basic understanding of road transport. What alternative is there to eliminate this lack of awareness in schools, like other forms of education? What if we had a form of education that could provide sufficient information about the types of transportation, the nature of cars, their types, their operation, their use, their management, their marketing, the types of engines with their specifications, the type of tires, the engineering concepts behind each type of transportation, road use guidelines, etc., in a way that focused on the students' ability to think, starting from the first grade? If such education were given from the bottom up, it would play a major role in attracting students to various engineering professions and instilling a good attitude. It is clear how effective this basic knowledge will be for students who enter various technical and vocational training institutions after completing the 10th grade and how it will help them to do various creative works. Sisters and brothers, do you think we should not include this subject in our curriculum? Please listen to us.Do you think we shouldn't include this subject in our curriculum? Please let us know.Do you think we shouldn't include this subject in our curriculum? Please let us know.
Rev. Andrew, who is the head of St. Andrew's Anglican Church in the United Arab Emirates
In 2011, Thomson published an excellent book entitled 'Christianity in the UAE'.
The book has been used since ancient times throughout the Arab world, including today's United Arab Emirates
Christianity tells.
Archeological information found in the excavation of how Christianity could be lost in the middle
He tries to answer by referring to Then the Christians in the United Arab Emirates today
Analyzes Muslim relations.
Andreas Thomson shouts when he finishes the book
«Where are the bridge -
builders?» Let me listen to their cries and say in my country, "Where is the bridge builder?"
What do you have?" Let me shout.
By tribe and tribe, by creed and creed, by culture and by culture, by party and by party, by opinion and
Between views, Ayale fences have been built in Ethiopia. These fences are of two types
they are. Guardrails and guardrails. It is natural for a living thing to maintain itself.
It is legal and appropriate. For there must be. If a person builds a house for himself, another person should not have a house
He didn't mean it. Just because one person is fed does not mean that the other person is hungry. a person
It does not mean that he controlled and managed his own wealth and property well, but that he stole the wealth of others.
one
A person who takes care of his own health does not mean that he makes others sick. Self and self-identity
Guardrails are important as far as protection goes.
A problem occurs if fences made for protection are converted to protection or from protection
Fences are also being built with retaining walls.
I am the only one. I live
I am alone. He will not marry me for another. I don't know about the other one. That one doesn't concern me. That's his own business.
Over there is my enemy; The fence is made of bricks.
In some villages of our country, people clean their yards.
Good. But the garbage from their yard
They take it out and throw it in an empty place in the village. All the residents of the village cleaned the yard and the village
But it will be dirty. No one can prevent the fly that rises from that pile of garbage to come back and enter his house
No warranty.
We all pass by that pile of garbage. Visitors to all of our homes pass by;
Moreover, all our children play there.
The fence of the village people
It means it is. A fence that kept them from seeing anything about what was going on outside their yard. My yard
Cleansing is very important. But if my neighbor's yard isn't cleaned, it's not worth it. The peace of my home is critical.
But if my neighbor is not at peace, I will be disturbed.
It is commendable that my children are polite.
If my neighbor's children are wild, we have no guarantee that the disease will not spread. Igbo in Nigeria
Tribes have a saying that "it takes every person of the village to raise a child".
And only a fence to connect me and my neighbor, only a map to bring us together, only a greeting to connect us,
Only coffee can bring us together, only tears can make us love, only weddings can make us happy, only Uuta can make us clean.
He can't. We also need a bridge to connect our yard to our neighbor's yard.
The Zulus of South Africa have a strong belief that dates back centuries. When you call it short
They call it "Obuntu". And when he analyzes, he says "Umuntu, Nmuntu, Nmantu". "I am a man
For another reason. My body is connected to you.'' In the belief of Ubuntu
"A person may be happy while others are suffering, and his rights may be respected if others are denied.
Others have failed
He cannot live in peace while others are fighting. What happens to the other
It's thinking that everything will marry me, Ubuntu. They say, "Freedom prevails when we are all free."
Now the country is looking for bridge builders called "Obuntu". From tribe, village, region, faith,
People who can see problems beyond the fence. Cross out what this bean will be like when it grows
Bridge builders who can see.
Bridge builders can bridge their own culture, beliefs, history, environment, language, attitudes, ideologies.
They are the ones who know well and are careful.
Those who don't care about what they have, who love and respect their own
they are. But they have a conscience that goes beyond this. They love, respect, help, understand each other.
They think good for others, do good, and try to respect the rights of others. I need another
They say.
Bridge builders understand reality, not desire. Mutual understanding
They believe in understanding and mutual respect. Know each other, understand each other,
They believe in living by realizing his needs and identity, knowing what he likes and what he hates. "Someone
They understand that every time you are thirsty, you are teaching it to eat you.
There is no change that comes from belittling, belittling and insulting. To honor a person or entity
It doesn't have to be my type. Respect is not acceptance. Respecting the ideology of others
Accepting other's ideology as correct, respecting other's beliefs, correcting other's beliefs
It is not to admit that it is. Respecting others does not come from self-deprecation.
Respect is an expression of peacefulness. Respect is to be respected. Respect is about building rapport.
Superior and inferior, destroyer and destroyer, cannot be reconciled. Communicable respect and
Only when there is equality.
There are historical and contemporary facts: these facts have different meanings for different parties
They may have given in their time.
For example, there are many mosques in the UAE due to historical reasons.
There are many churches in Ethiopia. Amharic is spoken in many places in Ethiopia
have got; African Americans in America have lost their language. The language of Latin America
Lost or exhausted Spanish dominance.
These are historical facts. have become
Respect and consider these facts
It doesn't mean going back and changing. Instead of moving forward and trying to do better. In the Emirates
Churches do not need to be built as much as mosques for Christians to have rights.
But a church for Christians. The number of churches in Ethiopia
It is not when mosques are built that the rights of Muslims are respected.
Adequate places of worship for Muslims
But when they live. When the Oromo language grows, not when the Amharic language slows down, consideration and respect
It is possible.
On the other hand, it is better to look at tomorrow than yesterday to be considered and respected. Until today
Until now, the biggest debate in our country was held yesterday. But tomorrow will bring us closer than yesterday.
It's hard to change yesterday. But tomorrow is in our hands.
The present world gives us the choice of things
It's two. Either we all use as much as we can, or none of us do. Certain
A world where only humans can use it is passing away. Peace comes from the absence of war
She is not. But from mutual benefit. We may not all benefit equally. All of us
But we have to use as much as we can.
This is why we need bridge builders today rather than fence builders. People and people, tribe and
Tribes, believers and believers, parties and parties are fenced in each other, shouting at each other
He sits and stares.
The fences have developed an atmosphere of hostility. The fences brought a sense of protection.
They made everyone think I was being attacked. When the opportunity is available, cross the fence and harass
They are convenient to carry out and hide behind the fence.
These fences kept people from seeing their personal labor and their steel.
"Amhara
He did this, Oromo did this, Tigre did this, Wolayta did this, Islam did this
He did, the Christian did that, the ruling party did that, the opposition did that."
All those in the fences are talked about, accused, blamed.
The hedges became a hiding place.
Bridges are needed to connect these fences. Let's talk, argue, common cause
Let's look for communication bridges that make us live together and respect what separates us
We need them. Respected by those who are beyond this fence and also inside that fence,
We need people who are ashamed. They are the ones who can build bridges.
There is smoke on the other side
Agafari will respond
I went to this party
Overturned from the pony bed
What a beautiful nursery rhyme you sing. The smoke is over there.
It is not the smoke of the enemy; of the enemy
The city is not on fire. They did not say that he was kind to them. It's a party. The feast of the enemy is dead for Tizkar
is not. They are Aghafari. And think that the party that was raised over there is also mine
They're hoping I'll leave that party until I roll over on the bed.
There is no enmity. they
They had built a bridge. But who broke it?
And come, bridge builders.
Connect generation to generation.
Bring tribe to tribe,
Introduce a believer to a believer.
So that we don't end up being divided, so that only resentment and hatred remain for generations, only bad things about each other
So that he doesn't know, there is someone who says he has a relative on the other side, so that he can say, "Agafari will repay"; Over there
However, arguing about these,
There is something to be worried about those who are here
Come, bridge builders!
May this country fail to belong to all of us and not belong to any of us. us and them, this and that,
To build a bridge of "we all" between the fences of here and there,
Come, bridge builders.
Like Noah and Eleazar, one in heaven and the other in hell, "From us to you, and from you to us."
We are saying that there is no way to take it
Come, bridge builders!
Build the bridge so we can all enter heaven together.
In every office, in every neighborhood, in every house, in every taxi, in every media, in every meeting, in every opportunity.
When you see someone who has built a fence, open the closed gate and build a bridge for him. Don't be silent. Holding a fortress
Don't let him live in fear and dread. Build a bridge for him to see if there is another.
Come, bridge builders!
President Emmanuel Macron has named centrist leader François Bayrou as France's next prime minister, in a bid to end months of political turmoil.
Bayrou, 73, is a mayor from the southwest and leads the MoDem party. Ahead of the announcement, he spent almost two hours with the president, in talks described as tense by French media.
He is seen by Macron's entourage as a potential consensus candidate and his task will be to avoid the fate of his predecessor. Ex-Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier lasted just three months and was ousted by MPs nine days ago.
Macron is half-way through his second term as president and Bayrou will be his fourth prime minister this year.French politics has been deadlocked ever since Macron called snap parliamentary elections during the summer and an opinion poll for BFMTV on Thursday suggested 61% of French voters were worried by the political situation.
Although a succession of allies lined up to praise Bayrou's appointment, Socialist regional leader Carole Dega said the whole process had become a "bad movie". Far-left France Unbowed leader Manuel Bompard complained of a "pathetic spectacle".
President Macron has vowed to remain in office until his second term ends in 2027, despite Barnier's downfall last week.
He cut short a trip to Poland on Thursday and had been expected to name his new prime minister on Thursday night, but postponed his announcement until Friday.
He then met Bayrou at the Elysée Palace and a final decision was made hours later. But in an indication of the fraught nature of the talks, Le Monde newspaper suggested that Macron had preferred another ally, Roland Lescure, but changed his mind when Bayrou threatened to withdraw his party's support.Bayrou was set to move into the prime minister's residence at Hôtel Matignon within hours, and a red carpet was rolled out for the transfer of power even before his name was confirmed.
His challenge will be in forming a government that will not be brought down the way his predecessor's was in the National Assembly.
Macron has already held round-table talks with leaders from all the main political parties, bar the far-left France Unbowed (LFI) of Jean-Luc Mélenchon and far-right National Rally of Marine Le Pen.
The question will be whether parties from the centre left can be persuaded to join Bayrou's government, or at least agree a pact so they do not oust him.Michel Barnier was only appointed in September and LFI MPs have already indicated they will propose another vote of no confidence in his successor's government.
He was voted out when Le Pen's National Rally joined left-wing MPs in rejecting his plans for €60bn (£50bn) in tax rises and spending cuts. He was seeking to cut France's budget deficit, which is set to hit 6.1% of economic output (GDP) this year.
His outgoing government has put forward a bill to enable the provisions of the 2024 budget to continue into next year. But a replacement budget for 2025 will have to be approved once the next government takes office.
Barnier wished his successor his best wishes in what he called "this serious period for France and Europe".
Under the political system of France's Fifth Republic, the president is elected for five years and then appoints a prime minister whose choice of cabinet is then appointed by the president.
Unusually, President Macron called snap elections for parliament over the summer after poor results in the EU elections in June. The outcome left France in political stalemate, with three large political blocs made up of the left, centre and far right.
Eventually he chose Barnier to form a minority government reliant on Marine Le Pen's National Rally for its survival. Macron is now hoping to restore stability without depending on her party.Three centre-left parties - the Socialists, Greens and Communists - have broken ranks with the more radical left LFI and have taken part in talks on forming a new government.
However, they have made clear they want to see a leftist prime minister of their choice if they are going to join a broad-based government.
"I told you I wanted someone from the left and the Greens and I think Mr Bayrou isn't one or the other," Greens leader Marine Tondelier told French TV on Thursday, adding that she did not see how the centrist camp that lost parliamentary elections could hold the post of prime minister and maintain the same policies.
Sébastien Chenu, a National Rally MP, said for his party it was less about who Macron picked than the "political line" he chose. If Bayrou wanted to tackle immigration and the cost of living crisis then he would "find an ally in us".
Relations between the centre left and the radical LFI of Jean-Luc Mélenchon appear to have broken down over the three parties' decision to pursue talks with President Macron.
After the LFI leader called on his former allies to steer clear of a coalition deal, Olivier Faure of the Socialists told French TV that "the more Mélenchon shouts the less he's heard".
Meanwhile, Marine Le Pen has called for her party's policies on the cost of living to be taken into account by the incoming government, by building a budget that "doesn't cross each party's red lines"
This is the first of a six-part series on how AI is changing medical research and treatments.
The heart in front of me beats and moves like a human organ, but has no blood flowing through it, nor does it live in a human body.
It's a computer-generated heart, or digital twin, used to test implantable cardiovascular devices, like stents, and prosthetic valves that, once confirmed they are safe, will eventually be used on real people.
But the heart's creators, Adsilico, have gone beyond just creating one accurate model.
Using artificial intelligence and huge amounts of data, they have created multiple different hearts.
These AI-generated synthetic hearts can be made to reflect not just biological attributes like weight, age, gender and blood pressure, but health conditions and ethnic backgrounds.
As these differences often aren’t represented in clinical data, digital twin hearts can help device manufacturers conduct trials across more diverse populations than they could with human trials, or trials involving just digital twins without AI.
“This allows us to capture the full diversity of patient anatomies and physiological responses, which is not possible using conventional methods. This use of AI to enhance device testing leads to the development of devices that are more inclusive and safer,” says Adsilico chief executive Sheena Macpherson.In 2018 an investigation by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists revealed that 83,000 deaths and over 1.7 million injuries were caused by medical devices.
Ms Macpherson hopes that AI powered digital twins can cut down those numbers.
“To really make these devices safer, you need to test them more thoroughly, and it isn't feasible to do that in a clinical trial environment due to the expense of it," says Ms Macpherson, who is based in Northumberland.
"So you want to be able to use the computer-generated version, to make sure that whatever you're doing, you've tested it as thoroughly as possible before you test it on a human.
“Even a fraction of those deaths - and the associated lawsuits - could have been avoided with more thorough testing. You can also get more detailed results.
"You could take the same [virtual] heart and you could test under low or high blood pressure, or against different disease progression, to see whether that affects the device in any way.”
Ms Macpherson adds: “[Virtual] testing gives medical device manufacturers many more insights. It also means that we can test in other sub patient groups, not just white men which clinical trials have traditionally been based on.”Adsilico’s AI models are trained on a combination of cardiovascular data, and data from real MRI and CT scans, that includes medical imaging from consenting patients.
The data draws from detailed anatomical structures of the heart, to help create accurate digital representations of how medical devices will interact with different patient anatomies.
Adsilico’s trials involve the creation of a digital twin of the device to be tested, which is then inserted into the virtual heart in an AI-generated simulation.
It all takes place inside a computer, where the test can be replicated across thousands of other hearts - all AI-simulated versions of a real human heart. Human and animal trials, on the other hand, tend to involve just hundreds of participants.
Perhaps the biggest incentive for drug and device manufacturers to supplement clinical trials with AI digital twins is how it reduces the time it takes, which translates into big cost savings, too.
Drug manufacturer Sanofi, for example, hopes to reduce the testing period by 20%, while also increasing the success rate. It is using digital twin technology in its immunology, oncology and rare disease specialism.
Using biological data from real people, Sanofi creates AI-based simulated patients - not actual clones of specific individuals - that can be interspersed across the control and placebo groups within the trial.
Sanofi’s AI programmes also then creates computer-generated models of the drug to be tested, synthesising properties like how the drug would be absorbed across the body, so it can be tested on the AI patients. The programme predicts their reactions, too - replicating the real trial process.“With a 90% failure rate across the industry of new drugs during clinical development, an increase of just 10% in our success rate by using technologies like digital twins could result in $100m in savings, given the high cost of running late phase clinical trials,” says Matt Truppo, Sanofi’s global head of research platforms and computational research and development.
The results so far have been promising, Mr Truppo, who is based in Boston, US, adds.
“There is still a lot to do. Many of the diseases we are now trying to impact are highly complex. This is where tools like AI come in. Powering the next generation of digital twins with accurate AI models of complex human biology is the next frontier.”Digital twins might have weaknesses though, says Charlie Paterson, an associate partner at PA Consulting and a former NHS service manager.
He points out that the twins are only as good as the data that they are trained on.
"[Due to] aged data collection methods, and low representation of marginalised populations, we could end up in a position where we could still be introducing some of those biases when we're programming virtual recreations of individuals.”
Working with limited legacy data to train its AI is an issue Sanofi is aware of and working to resolve.
To fill gaps in its internal data sets - made up of millions of data points from the thousands of patients that undergo its trials each year - it sources data from third parties, like electronic health records and biobanks.Back at Adsilico, Ms Macpherson is hopeful that one day AI digital twin technology will eliminate animal testing from clinical trials, which is still currently considered an essential part of the drug and device testing process.
“A virtual model of our hearts is still closer to a human heart than that of a dog, cow, sheep, or pig, which tends to be what they use for implantable device studies,” she says.
source : https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cq8v73dkne3o
Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, in Physics, and with her later win, in Chemistry, she became the first person to claim Nobel honors twice.Marie Curie became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person — man or woman — to win the award twice. With her husband Pierre Curie, Marie's efforts led to the discovery of polonium and radium and, after Pierre's death, the further development of X-rays. The famed scientist died in 1934 of aplastic anemia likely caused by exposure to radiation.Maria Sklodowska, later known as Marie Curie, was born on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw (modern-day Poland). Curie was the youngest of five children, following siblings Zosia, Józef, Bronya and Hela.Both of Curie’s parents were teachers. Her father, Wladyslaw, was a math and physics instructor. When she was only 10, Curie lost her mother, Bronislawa, to tuberculosis.
As a child, Curie took after her father. She had a bright and curious mind and excelled at school. But despite being a top student in her secondary school, Curie could not attend the male-only University of Warsaw. She instead continued her education in Warsaw's "floating university," a set of underground, informal classes held in secret.
Both Curie and her sister Bronya dreamed of going abroad to earn an official degree, but they lacked the financial resources to pay for more schooling. Undeterred, Curie worked out a deal with her sister: She would work to support Bronya while she was in school, and Bronya would return the favor after she completed her studies.
For roughly five years, Curie worked as a tutor and a governess. She used her spare time to study, reading about physics, chemistry and math.
In 1891, Curie finally made her way to Paris and enrolled at the Sorbonne. She threw herself into her studies, but this dedication had a personal cost: with little money, Curie survived on buttered bread and tea, and her health sometimes suffered because of her poor diet.
Curie completed her master's degree in physics in 1893 and earned another degree in mathematics the following year.
Marriage to Pierre Curie
Marie married French physicist Pierre Curie on July 26, 1895. They were introduced by a colleague of Marie’s after she graduated from Sorbonne University; Marie had received a commission to perform a study on different types of steel and their magnetic properties and needed a lab for her work.
A romance developed between the brilliant pair, and they became a scientific dynamic duo who were completely devoted to one another. At first, Marie and Pierre worked on separate projects. But after Marie discovered radioactivity, Pierre put aside his own work to help her with her research.Marie suffered a tremendous loss in 1906 when Pierre was killed in Paris after accidentally stepping in front of a horse-drawn wagon. Despite her tremendous grief, she took over his teaching post at the Sorbonne, becoming the institution's first female professor.
In 1911, Curie’s relationship with her husband's former student, Paul Langevin, became public. Curie was derided in the press for breaking up Langevin's marriage, the negativity in part stemming from rising xenophobia in France.
Children
In 1897, Marie and Pierre welcomed a daughter, Irène. The couple had a second daughter, Ève, in 1904.
Irène Joliot-Curie followed in her mother's footsteps, winning the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935. Joliot-Curie shared the honor with her husband, Frédéric Joliot, for their work on the synthesis of new radioactive elements.
In 1937, Ève Curie wrote the first of many biographies devoted to her famous mother, Madame Curie, which became a feature film a few years later.
Scientific Discoveries
Curie discovered radioactivity, and, together with her husband Pierre, the radioactive elements polonium and radium while working with the mineral pitchblende. She also championed the development of X-rays after Pierre's death.
Radioactivity, Polonium and Radium
Fascinated with the work of Henri Becquerel, a French physicist who discovered that uranium casts off rays weaker than the X-rays found by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Curie took his work a few steps further.
Curie conducted her own experiments on uranium rays and discovered that they remained constant, no matter the condition or form of the uranium. The rays, she theorized, came from the element's atomic structure. This revolutionary idea created the field of atomic physics. Curie herself coined the word "radioactivity" to describe the phenomena.
Following Curie’s discovery of radioactivity, she continued her research with her husband Pierre. Working with the mineral pitchblende, the pair discovered a new radioactive element in 1898. They named the element polonium, after Curie's native country of Poland.
They also detected the presence of another radioactive material in the pitchblende and called that radium. In 1902, the Curies announced that they had produced a decigram of pure radium, demonstrating its existence as a unique chemical element.
Development of X-rays
When World War I broke out in 1914, Curie devoted her time and resources to help the cause. She championed the use of portable X-ray machines in the field, and these medical vehicles earned the nickname "Little Curies."After the war, Curie used her celebrity to advance her research. She traveled to the United States twice — in 1921 and in 1929 — to raise funds to buy radium and to establish a radium research institute in Warsaw.
Nobel Prizes
Curie won two Nobel Prizes, for physics in 1903 and for chemistry in 1911. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize as well as the first person—man or woman—to win the prestigious award twice. She remains the only person to be honored for accomplishments in two separate sciences.
Curie received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, along with her husband and Henri Becquerel, for their work on radioactivity. With their win, the Curies developed an international reputation for their scientific efforts, and they used their prize money to continue their research.
In 1911, Curie won her second Nobel Prize, this time in Chemistry, for her discovery of radium and polonium. While she received the prize alone, she shared the honor jointly with her late husband in her acceptance lecture.
Around this time, Curie joined with other famous scientists, including Albert Einstein and Max Planck, to attend the first Solvay Congress in Physics and discuss the many groundbreaking discoveries in their field.
How Did Marie Curie Die?
Curie died on July 4, 1934, of aplastic anemia, believed to be caused by prolonged exposure to radiation.
She was known to carry test tubes of radium around in the pocket of her lab coat. Her many years working with radioactive materials took a toll on her health.
Legacy
Curie made many breakthroughs in her lifetime. Remembered as a leading figure in science and a role model for women, she has received numerous posthumous honors. Several educational and research institutions and medical centers bear the Curie name, including the Curie Institute and Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC).
In 1995, Marie and Pierre's remains were interred in the Panthéon in Paris, the final resting place of France's greatest minds. Marie became the first and one of only five women to be laid to rest there. In 2017, the Panthéon hosted an exhibition to honor the 150th birthday of the pioneering scientist.
The story of the Nobel laureate was back on the big screen in 2017 with Marie Curie: The Courage of Knowledge, featuring Polish actress Karolina Gruszka. In 2018, Amazon announced the development of another biopic of Curie, with British actress Rosamund Pike in the starring role.
Quotes
I believe that science has great beauty. A scientist in his laboratory is not a mere technician; he is also a child confronting natural phenomena that impress him as though they were fairy tales.
One never notices what has been done; one can only see what remains to be done.
In science, we must be interested in things, not in persons.
All my life through, the new sights of nature made me rejoice like a child.
In the education of children the requirement of their growth and physical evolution should be respected, and that some time should be left for their artistic culture.
Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood.
I was taught that the way of progress was neither swift nor easy.
Life is not easy for any of us. But what of that? We must have perseverance and above all confidence in ourselves.
You cannot hope to build a better world without improving the individuals.
It is important to make a dream of life and a dream reality.
There are sadistic scientists who hurry to hunt down errors instead of establishing the truth.
referance : https://www.biography.com/scientists/marie-curie
Charles Robert Darwin was a British naturalist and biologist known for his theory of evolution and his understanding of the process of natural selection. In 1831, he embarked on a five-year voyage around the world on the HMS Beagle, during which time his studies of various plants and an led him to formulate his theories. In 1859, he published his landmark book, On the Origin of Species.
Early Life
Darwin was born on February 12, 1809, in the tiny merchant town of Shrewsbury, England. A child of wealth and privilege who loved to explore nature, Darwin was the second youngest of six kids.Darwin came from a long line of scientists: His father, Dr. R.W. Darwin, was a medical doctor, and his grandfather, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, was a renowned botanist. Darwin’s mother, Susanna, died when he was only eight years old.
Education
In October 1825, at age 16, Darwin enrolled at University of Edinburgh along with his brother Erasmus. Two years later, he became a student at Christ's College in Cambridge.
His father hoped he would follow in his footsteps and become a medical doctor, but the sight of blood made Darwin queasy. His father suggested he study to become a parson instead, but Darwin was far more inclined to study natural history.
HMS Beagle
While Darwin was at Christ's College, botany professor John Stevens Henslow became his mentor. After Darwin graduated Christ's College with a bachelor of arts degree in 1831, Henslow recommended him for a naturalist’s position aboard the HMS Beagle.The ship, commanded by Captain Robert FitzRoy, was to take a five-year survey trip around the world. The voyage would prove the opportunity of a lifetime for the budding young naturalist.
On December 27, 1831, the HMS Beagle launched its voyage around the world with Darwin aboard. Over the course of the trip, Darwin collected a variety of natural specimens, including birds, plants and fossils.Darwin in the Galapagos
Through hands-on research and experimentation, he had the unique opportunity to closely observe principles of botany, geology and zoology. The Pacific Islands and Galapagos Archipelago were of particular interest to Darwin, as was South America.
Upon his return to England in 1836, Darwin began to write up his findings in the Journal of Researches, published as part of Captain FitzRoy's larger narrative and later edited into the Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle.
The trip had a monumental effect on Darwin’s view of natural history. He began to develop a revolutionary theory about the origin of living beings that ran contrary to the popular view of other naturalists at the time.
Theory of Evolution
Darwin’s theory of evolution declared that species survived through a process called "natural selection," where those that successfully adapted or evolved to meet the changing requirements of their natural habitat thrived and reproduced, while those species that failed to evolve and reproduce died off.
Through his observations and studies of birds, plants and fossils, Darwin noticed similarities among species all over the globe, along with variations based on specific locations, leading him to believe that the species we know today had gradually evolved from common ancestors.
Darwin’s theory of evolution and the process of natural selection later became known simply as “Darwinism.”
At the time, other naturalists believed that all species either came into being at the start of the world or were created over the course of natural history. In either case, they believed species remained much the same throughout time.
'Origin of Species'
In 1858, after years of scientific investigation, Darwin publicly introduced his revolutionary theory of evolution in a letter read at a meeting of the Linnean Society. On November 24, 1859, he published a detailed explanation of his theory in his best-known work, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.
In the next century, DNA studies provided scientific evidence for Darwin’s theory of evolution. However, controversy surrounding its conflict with Creationism — the religious view that all of nature was born of God — is still found among some people today.
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is a collection of ideas that emerged in the late 1800s that adopted Darwin’s theory of evolution to explain social and economic issues.
Darwin himself rarely commented on any connections between his theories and human society. But while attempting to explain his ideas to the public, Darwin borrowed widely understood concepts, such as “survival of the fittest” from sociologist Herbert Spencer.Over time, as the Industrial Revolution and laissez faire capitalism swept across the world, social Darwinism has been used as a justification for imperialism, labor abuses, poverty, racism, eugenics and social inequality.
Death
Following a lifetime of devout research, Charles Darwin died at his family home, Down House, in London, on April 19, 1882. He was buried at Westminster Abbey.
More than a century later, Yale ornithologist Richard Brum sought to revive Darwin's lesser-known theory on sexual selection in The Evolution of Beauty.
While Darwin's original attempts to cite female aesthetic mating choices as a driving force of evolution was criticized, Brum delivered an effective argument via his expertise in birds, earning selection to The New York Times' list of 10 best books of 2017.
referance : Article Title: Charles Darwin Biography
Author: Biography.com Editors
Website Name: The Biography.com website
Url: https://www.biography.com/scientists/charles-darwin
The great scientific men—and we need more—often are not given the full credit that is due them because they have not "graduated" from somewhere. It seems to me there is a feeling in these later days for creating an aristocracy among the men who have graduated from some rich university. But that does not determine a man's life. It may be a foolish tyranny for a little while, but nevertheless every man and woman must finally take the place where he and she are best fitted to be, and do the things that he and she can do best, and the things about which he and she really know. Where they graduated, or when, will not long count in the race of practical life.
We need great scientific men now more than we ever needed them before. Where are you going to find them? We won't find them where that scientific man came from who invented an[Pg 33] improvement upon the cuckoo clock. His clock, instead of saying, "Cuckoo, cuckoo, cuckoo," when it struck the hour, said, "I love you! I love you! I love you!" That man left the clock at home with his wife nights while he was around at the club, thinking that would be sufficient protestation of his love. Yet any man knows you cannot make love by machinery. That was only a so-called scientific idea.
I read not long ago that a great scientific man said that "love and worship are only the aggregate results of physical causes." That is not true. Love and worship are something beyond physical causes. Educated men ought to know better than to say anything like that.
There are many valuable things that every man knows until he has unlearned them in a university.
There is danger that a man will get so much education that he won't know anything of real value because his useless education has driven the useful out of his mind. It is like a dog I owned when a boy. He was a very good fox dog. One day I thought I would show him off before the boys. We let the fox out at the barn door, which was open just far enough for the dog to see the fox start. Then he began whining and yelping[Pg 34] to get out. I ran out and dropped some red pepper where the dog was likely to follow the fox over the hill. Then I went back and opened the door. The dog rushed out after the fox, but soon began to take in the red pepper. Then he began to whine and yelp—and stopped, whirled around, and, rushing down to the brook, put his nose under the water. From the time he graduated from that pepper university he never would follow a fox at all. He had added education in the wrong direction, and so it is often with these scientific men.
Do you know that the humblest man, whatever his occupation, really knows instinctively certain things better for not having been to school much? It is so easy to bias the mind.
When the boy comes to learn geometry the teacher will say: "Two parallel lines will never run together." The boy may look up and ask, "What is the use of telling me that?" Every man knows that two parallel lines will never run together. But how does he know it? It is born with him. His natural instincts tell that to him. It is what we call "an axiom"—a self-evident truth. It is above argument and beyond all possible reasoning. We know that "two halves are equal to the whole"! You know that[Pg 35] when you cut an apple in half the two halves are equal to the whole of it. You tell that to a geometry class, and they say: "I know that. Everybody knows it." Of course everybody does, because it is a natural scientific fact that you cannot reasonably question.
Ask a man, "Do you know that you exist?" He looks with astonishment and says: "Certainly! Don't I know that I am? I know that I am here, that this is me, that I am not Mrs. Smith or some one else?"
Of course you do. But how do you know it? By a God-given instinct that came into the world with you.
No scientist or school on earth could disprove that, or prove it, either. It is a self-evident fact. I know that I am an intelligent personal identity, and that I dwell in this body in some mysterious way. I know that is my hand, but what I possess is not me. I know by an instinct infallible that I am a spiritual being, separate from this material. You know that. No scientist can prove or disprove it. It is a fact we all know. I know that I can never die, and you know it unless you have gotten educated out of it. It is in your very life; it is a part of your original instinct.[Pg 36]
When some graduate of some great university shall come to you, young man, and say, "I can prove to you that the Bible is not true," or, "I can prove to you that your religion is false," you can say to him: "You are nothing but an educated fool. Because the more you have studied the less truth you seem to know."
It is only one's own personal self that can know his own religious instincts. It is only himself that can know whether he is in spiritual relation to God or not. No education on earth can overturn the fact, although wrong study may confuse the mind.
When a man comes to me, with his higher education, to overturn religion, it reminds me of what Artemus Ward said to that lordly graduate of Oxford and Cambridge. This man told Ward that he was disgusted with his shows. Artemus Ward asked him, "What do you know about these shows?" and he said: "I know everything about them. I graduated from two universities." Then Artemus Ward said, "You remind me of a farmer in Maine who had a calf that stole the milk of two cows, and the more milk he got the greater calf he was." Such is the effect sometimes of education on religious life—the more mental education of some kind which you get the less[Pg 37] you may know about your natural religious instincts.
There is a great need to-day, and prayers go up to heaven now for men and women whom mankind shall love—love because they are great benefactors; love because, while they are making money or gaining fame or honor for themselves, they are blessing humanity all the way along. I must not argue now. I will illustrate, because you can remember the illustrations and you might forget an argument.
There is a great need for artists. There never was such a need in the progress of Christian civilization as there is now for great painters. All these walls ought to be covered with magnificent paintings teaching some great divine truth, and every school-house, yes, every barn, ought to have some picture upon it that will instruct and inspire. All our children seek to go to the moving pictures, and that shows what an agency there is in pictures for the instruction of mankind. We need artists by the thousands. It is not a surprise to me that a New York man is getting a salary of $35,000 a year for moving-picture work because "he notices something other people have not seen." It is no surprise that a great store in that city pays an advertising[Pg 38] man $21,000 a year salary. He can see what the rest of the public does not see.
We need great artists, hundreds of them. Where are you going to find them? You will say "at the art school, in the National Gallery in London, or at the Louvre in Paris, or in Rome." Well, it may be that you will. But it is an unfortunate thing for your theory that one of the greatest painters in America painted with a cat's tail. It is another enlightening thing that the man who received the highest prize at the World's Fair in Chicago for a landscape painting never took "a lesson" in color or drawing in his life.
But that doesn't argue against lessons nor against schools or universities. Don't misunderstand me in this. I am only making emphatic my special subject.
He took the highest prize and never went to an art school in his life. If he had attended school the teacher might have tried to show him something and thus weakened his mind. The teacher in a school who shows a child anything that that child could work out for himself is a curse to that child. It is an awful calamity for a child to be under the control of a too kind-hearted teacher who will show him everything.
One of the greatest artists was Charlotte[Pg 39] Brontë. She was a wonderful little woman, and I like little women. Did you ever read Longfellow's poem on "Little Women"? It always reminds me so much of Charlotte Brontë. One day he showed me the poem, and I asked him why he did not print it in his book, and he replied, "I don't think it is worth while." Since his death they have given it first rank, and I will quote one verse:
As within a little rose we find the richest dyes, As in a little grain of gold much price and value lies, And as from a little balsam much odor doth arise, So in a little woman there's a gleam of paradise.
Charlotte Brontë was one of those wonderful, wiry, beautiful little cultivated combinations of divine femininity which no man can describe. She had a younger brother on her hands, and when a young woman has a younger brother on her hands if she has a beau, she has her hands full. This younger brother was dull of brains, clumsy of finger and unfitted to be an artist. But his sister was determined he should be a painter, and took him to the shore, to the village and the woods, and said, "Notice everything, and notice it closely." Finally, he did secure a second prize. Then his little sister threw her arms about her brother's neck and[Pg 40] kissed him, and thanked him for getting that prize. That is just like a woman! I never could understand a woman. Of all the mysterious things that the Lord ever put together, a woman is the most mysterious. Charlotte Brontë was like an old lady I used to know up in my native town who thanked her husband, with tears, for having brought up a flock of sheep which she herself fed every morning through the winter before he was out of bed.
Finally, Charlotte Brontë's younger brother became dissipated and died, and then her father died, and when we ministers get to be old we might as well die. She was left without means of support. But when she told her friends, they said: "You have a college education, Charlotte. Why don't you write something?" We now find that the first thing she wrote was "Jane Eyre," the wonderful story for which she at last received $38,000. Queen Victoria invited that humble girl to her palace at Windsor because of her marvelous genius.
How came she to write a book like that? Simply because she had noticed so closely, for her brother's sake, that from the nib of her pen flowed those beautiful descriptions as naturally as the water ripples down the mountain-side. That[Pg 41] is always so. No man ever gives himself for others' good in the right spirit without receiving "a hundredfold more in this present time."
I will go one step farther with this thought. We do need great painters, but we don't want more painters like that man who painted the Israelites coming out of Egypt, representing them with muskets on their shoulders with U.S. on the butts.
But more than artists we need great musicians. There is an awful need of music. We have too much noise, but very little real music. Did you ever think how little you have? Do you suppose a true musician is simply a man who roars down to low B and squeals to high C? What an awful need there is of the music which refines the heart, brightens the mind; that brings glory and heaven down to men. I have not the space here to expand upon that thought—the awful need of humanity for real music. But we don't get it. I do not know why it is. I am not able to explain. But perhaps I can hint at what music is.
At Yale I had to earn my own living, and that is why, for these forty-four years, I have been lecturing exclusively to help young men secure their college education. I arose at four o'clock and worked in the New Haven House from four to[Pg 42] eight to get the "come backs" from the breakfast table so that my brother and I could live. Some days, however, I digged potatoes in the afternoon, and taught music in the evening, although the former was my proper occupation. Sometimes my music scholars would invite me in to play something to entertain their company, and I noticed the louder I played the louder they talked. I often said, "What a low standard of musical culture there is in New Haven!" But I learned something after I left college. I learned I was not a musician.
Had I been a musician they would have listened. That is the only test of real music. There is no other.
If you sing and every one whispers, or you play and every one talks, it is because you are not a musician. I dare tell it to you here, when I would not dare say it to you individually if we were alone. There is no person on earth who gets so many lies to the square inch as a person who drums on a piano.
What is music? Music may be wholly a personal matter and be called music. I remember Major Snow, of my native town, who used to listen to the filing of the saw at the sawmill. How that did screech and scratch until it hurt to our toes![Pg 43] We asked the old major why he went down to the mill Saturday, when he could go any other day. He said: "Oh, boys, you do not understand it. When I was young I worked in a sawmill and I come down here to hear them file that saw. It reminds me of the good old days. It is music to me." He was "educated up" to that standard where filing of a saw was music to him, and so men may be educated in all manner of ways in so-called music. But it is not the real music.
What is true music? I went to a beautiful church in New York to exchange with the pastor, and an officer of the church came down the aisle as I walked in and said to me, "Sir, the choir always opens the service." They did; they opened it! I sat down on the pulpit sofa and waited an embarrassingly long time for something to be done up there. The choir roosted on a shelf over my head. The soprano earned $4,000 a year, and I was anxious to hear her. Soon I heard the rustle of silk up there, and one or two little giggles. Then the soprano began. She struck the lowest note her cultivated voice could possibly touch, and then she began to wind, or rather, corkscrew, her way up and up and up, out of sight—and she stayed up there. Then the second bass began and wound his way down, down, down—down[Pg 44] to the Hades of sound—and he stayed down there.
Now, was that music? Was it worship? Why, if I had stood in that sacred place and positively sworn at the people it would not have been greater sacrilege than that exhibition up on that shelf! Do you think the living God is to be worshiped by a high-flying, pyrotechnic, trapeze performance in acoustics? Neither worship nor music was there. Music does not consist of a high-flying circus trapeze performance in acoustics.
What is music? Music is such a combination of sound as moves the heart to holier emotions, quickens the brain to brighter thoughts, and moves the whole man on to nobler deeds. That is music. Nothing else is music. You can only find out whether you are a musician or not by taking notice, while you sing, whether you hold the attention of the people, and whether you influence their memory and their after character.